prev_permutation

Category: algorithms	Component type: function

Prototype

template <class BidirectionalIterator>
bool prev_permutation(BidirectionalIterator first,
                      BidirectionalIterator last);

template <class BidirectionalIterator, class StrictWeakOrdering>
bool prev_permutation(BidirectionalIterator first, BidirectionalIterator last,
                      StrictWeakOrdering comp);

Description

Prev_permutation transforms the range of elements [first, last) into the lexicographically next smaller permutation of the elements. There is a finite number of distinct permutations (at most N! [1], where N is last - first), so, if the permutations are ordered by lexicographical_compare, there is an unambiguous definition of which permutation is lexicographically previous. If such a permutation exists, prev_permutation transforms [first, last) into that permutation and returns true. Otherwise it transforms [first, last) into the lexicographically greatest permutation [2] and returns false.

The postcondition is that the new permutation of elements is lexicographically less than the old (as determined by lexicographical_compare) if and only if the return value is true.

The two versions of prev_permutation differ in how they define whether one element is less than another. The first version compares objects using operator<, and the second compares objects using a function object comp.

Definition

Requirements on types

• BidirectionalIterator is a model of Bidirectional Iterator.
• BidirectionalIterator is mutable.
• BidirectionalIterator's value type is LessThan Comparable.
• The ordering relation on BidirectionalIterator's value type is a strict weak ordering, as defined in the LessThan Comparable requirements.

• BidirectionalIterator is a model of Bidirectional Iterator.
• BidirectionalIterator is mutable.
• StrictWeakOrdering is a model of Strict Weak Ordering.
• BidirectionalIterator's value type is convertible to StrictWeakOrdering's argument type.

Preconditions

• [first, last) is a valid range.

Complexity

Example

int main()
{
  int A[] = {2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 1};
  const int N = sizeof(A) / sizeof(int);

  cout << "Initially:              ";
  copy(A, A+N, ostream_iterator<int>(cout, " "));
  cout << endl;

  prev_permutation(A, A+N);
  cout << "After prev_permutation: ";
  copy(A, A+N, ostream_iterator<int>(cout, " "));
  cout << endl;

  next_permutation(A, A+N);
  cout << "After next_permutation: ";
  copy(A, A+N, ostream_iterator<int>(cout, " "));
  cout << endl;
}

Notes

[1] If all of the elements in [first, last) are distinct from each other, then there are exactly N! permutations. If some elements are the same as each other, though, then there are fewer. There are, for example, only three (3!/2!) permutations of the elements 1 1 2.

[2] Note that the lexicographically greatest permutation is, by definition, sorted in nonascending order.

See also